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(N0 Model.) 2 Sheets--Sheel'J 1.

J. WILLIAMS.& G. A. GUMMER. HYDROGARBON BURNER.

' FNo. 5l5,454. Patented Feb. 27, 1894.

(No Model() 2 Sheets-Sheet 2. J. WILLIAMS 8v G. A. GUMMER. HYDROGARBN BURNER.

No. 5153451411` Patented Feb. 27, 1894,

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NITED STATES PATENT JAMES WILLIAMS AND GEORGE A. CUMMER, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO; SAID WILLIAMS ASSIGNOR TO ROBERT J. OUMMER, OF SAME PLACE.

HYDROCARBON-BURNER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 515,454, dated February 27, 1894.

Application filed December 26,1891. Serial No.416,13l. (No modelv) To all whom t may concern:

Be it known that we, JAMES WILLIAMS and GEORGE A. CUMMER, citizens of the United States, residing at Cleveland, in the county of Cuyahoga and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Ilydrocarbon-Burners; and we do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, which will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

This invention appertains to h ydro-carbon burners, but has reference more especially to the class of hydrocarbon burners which are adapted to domestic use and in which gasoline or other light and volatile products of coal-oil may be burned.v

The invention consists in the means substantially as hereinafter more particularly set forth and claimed, for edecting the vaporization of the oil or fluid for the purpose of what has become known as initially starting the burner, and continuing the vaporization and commingling or mixing the resulting vapor with a volume of cold air to supply the burner after initial starting has been accomplished. In the accompanying drawings Figure l is a perspective view of a stove with one of our improvements in working position. Fig. 2 is an enlarged central sectional view of a single burner constructed and operating according to our invention.

Referring to the construction of the burner We have, first, the drum or shell A, the base or bottom B, iitting closely within the end ot the drum so as to prevent the admission of air at this point, and the burner cap C, which surmounts the drum and which may be of any suitable style or form. In the construction as shown here the central burner tube D, ex tending through the drum A from top to bottom, is formed integral with the base portion or piece B, but it might be a separate part seated orsnpported thereon. The said burner tube D has a flaring lower portion open at the bottom for the admission of air from without the burner, and from one side of this flaring portion, and preferably integral therewith,is an elbow E, which has its inlet from the space 5o between drum A and the burner tube D at the bottom thereof and its upper portion within said tube and apart from the walls thereof so as to afford air draft between them. This elbow is surmounted by a perforated tube e, which is the initial starting burner, and the mouth of the elbow is covered by a nely perforated plate d, or its equivalent, as wire gauze, so that while it will admit a limited quantity of the coxnmingled vapor and air which, in the operation ot the burner, gravitates to this point, it will prevent the darne about the burner @from traveling back into the chamberFbetween the drurnAand burner tube D.

The gasoline orother like fluid that may be used is supplied by pipe G, extending centrally upward from beneath the burner casing or drum A,through the elbow E and into the burner tube D, the said pipe G being supported in the angle of the elbow. A casting H, having an oil or liquid channel h, is screwed or coupled on the end of pipe G. This channel h terminates in a jet oridce h', controlled by a needle valve K, having its stem suitably inclosed and extending outside of the burner casing within convenient reach of the operator.

It will be seen that jet orifice h is formed in an arm h2 of the casting H, which projects laterally through the upper portion of burner tube D into the open air space which surrounds said jet. This open air space is formed by what may be termed a hood D which, in this instance, is cast upon the tube D and projects laterally and makes an air tight union with the drum or casing A, the said drum' or casing being provided with a suitable opening at this point to accommodate the outer extremity of said hood. This construction and arrangement of parts exposes the jet orifice to atmosphere outside of the burner, and hence to atmosphere which is not heated but which has the temperature of the room Whatever that may be.

The oil is of course supplied from sufficient elevation or with sufficient pressure to meet the demands of this construction and arrangement of parts, and iiows from the jet orifice h into the vaporizing pipe or tube L. This pipe has a liplat its upper end extending beneath the orifice h to catch the drip therefrom, and is purposelyV arranged at a slight kiiows down over the bottom of tube L will continue to iiow over the curve m and follow' along the top portion of tube M. If the How should be excessive, and runk more or less toA the bottom of pipe M, whatever is not evaporated will iiow into thc catch pocket fm. An opening is formed in the top of tube L with a cover Z2, through which the iiow of oil may be viewed if desired.

In the foregoing description we have particularized the construction of the burner` as hereshown, butit should be understood that we do not mean thereby that the constructionmust necessarily be exactly as shown and described- On the contrary, we would have it understood that the construction may be more or less varied in all the particulars and details herein enumerated and yet remain and important aspects lying in an apparatusk capable of operating in accordancewith this specification.

Referring to the operation of initially starting the burner, it will be observed that the oil passes up through the cent-er ofthe burner to near the top thereof, where it is dlscharged through a jet upon the inclined vaporizing tube L. This tube extends to a curved elbow, whence the oil follows the bend of the elbow and flows down along the upper portion of the return tube, spreading upon the sides more or less according to volume, and thus facilitating vaporization. If the flow of oil be excessive the same general effect is obtained, and what is not evaporated will gravitate into the pockets as before described. But if the flow of the oil be not excessive no such deposit can occur and the oil will all be evaporated in the tubos and the resulting vapor will flow by gravity into the bottom of the chamber F. To facilitate this operation there is a free full opening for the outside air to enter at the mouth of tube L, and by reason of the vaporization of the oil as described a down draft or current is set up in this tube which entrails the air. This current in turn facilitates vapor-ization, and the air is comlningled with the Vapor and the compound thusformed is in a suitable condition for combustion. As this compound settles in the bottom of chamber F a quantity thereof flows into the burner tube D through opening d therein, and, rising in said tube, is ignited about the burner e, and initial starting is acburner, is used with the vapor.

space of time after the oil has been turned on,

and low temperatures do noty materially retard vaporization or delay starting. After the initial burner has been started and the oil supply tube passing through it is heated so as to vaporize theoil therein, the process employed in using the burner begins. This process differs from the one just described in this-among other things--that vapor instead of oil issues from orifice h. This vapor is hot as it passes out of said orice, and, being thrown in a jetinto the tube L, it entraillsor siphonsin a volume'ofcool air and thecommingled elements of air and vapor travel together down the tubes L and M into the chamber F. Arriving at this point a limited quantity of thek mixture ows kinto, elbow E through perforated plate d, and maintains a constant fiame in the initial burner e, thus keeping up suitable vaporization of oil in the supply tube G and casting H, while the bulk of the mixture rises in the said chamber F and supplies combustion at the burner cap` C. It will be observed that in this method of supplying a burner the oil is converted into vapor within the burner itself, and that only cool air, taken wholly fromthe outside of the The burner chamber F is closed about its sides and bottom against the admission of air, and.its only source of supply is through tube M at the bottom. It will be also observed that the burner and all its associated parts are so constructed and arranged that the entirey mechanism will come beneath the top plate of the stove, and that all the parts are absolutely out of the way and practically out of view.

The combined tubes L and M constituteau air and vapor mixing chamber or tube,.which also, serves as a vaporizing medium for initial starting.

In Fig. 2 we show a funnel shapedopening about centrally in the side of the burner oasing extending through to the subsidiary or 4inside initial burnerthrough which initiallighting is effected by means of a match. This inside burner being started, it will automatically light the top or main burner as soon as chamber F is so filled that the vapor rises to the top thereof, and this occurs very soon after initial lighting.

Each burner is of course provided withits own mechanism asshown in Fig. 2, and these burners may be located and associated in various ways as may be found convenient or desirable, but they are shown. in Fig. l ina common vapor stove. When the burner is going it will of course heat downward more or less and thus help to vaporize the oil, but this is only incidental heating and is not needed, as the sub-burner does this work effectually.

IOO

IIO

ble agent to both burners as desired, substantially as described.

2. In a hydrocarbon burner, the combination of a burner proper, and an initial burner, of an oil-supplying jet arranged Within the inuence cf the heat from' the initial burner, andl a double inclined mixing tube commu-nicating at one end with the atmosphere and the jet, and connected at its other end With the two burners by independent passages,

substantially as described.

3. The burner cap, burner drum, the oilsupply pipe extending into the said drum, a burner tube surrounding said pipe, a burner therein,and a supply chamber between the drum and burner tube, combined with a va por and air mixing chamber connected at one end with the atmosphere and the oil pipe, and at the other end with the supply chamber, substantially as described.

4:. The burner havinga drum, a burner tube within said drum, an initial burner in said tube, an cil-supplypipe extendingthrough and above said burner tube and initial burner to be within the iniuence of the heat from said burner and means to supply fuel to the initial burner, substantially as described.

5. The burner having a drum, the burner tube extending through said drum, the oilsupply pipe extending into said tube, and a valve to control the flow of fuel through said pipe, an initial burner in said tube to heat said pipe, and an air and vapor mixer com-l. municating with said burner, substantially as described.

6. The burner cap and burner drum, the central burn er tube Within said drum forming a chamber between itself and the drum, which chamber communicates With the burner cap, a fuel supply for said chamber, the initial burner in said tube, and the separate fuel supply channel for said initial burner having a perforated cover over its inlet, substantially as described.

7. The burner having a supply chamber Within its outer walls, and an air and vapor mixer discharging into such chamber, in combination with a burner tube arranged vertically within the said chamber, an initial burner Within said burner tube, and an oil supply device having a jet tube extending up through the burner tube and initial burner and communicating with the air and vapor mixer, substantially as described. n

Witness our hands to the foregoing specification this 19th day of December, 1891.

JAMES WILLIAMS. GEORGE A. CUMMER.

Witnesses:

H. T. FISHER, NELLIE L. MGLANE. 

